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City Lights Bookstore

City Lights Bookstore opened on Columbus Avenue in 1953, founded by Lawrence Ferlinghetti and Peter Martin as the first all-paperback bookstore in the United States. In 1956 it published Allen Ginsberg's Howl; the obscenity prosecution that followed ended in 1957 when Judge Clayton Horn ruled that a work carrying any redeeming social importance cannot be obscene.

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San Francisco · 9 min listen · 5 sources

Quick answer

City Lights Bookstore opened on Columbus Avenue in 1953, founded by Lawrence Ferlinghetti and Peter Martin as the first all-paperback bookstore in the United States. In 1956 it published Allen Ginsberg's Howl; the obscenity prosecution that followed ended in 1957 when Judge Clayton Horn ruled that a work carrying any redeeming social importance cannot be obscene.

1Founded in 1953 by Lawrence Ferlinghetti and Peter D. Martin as the first all-paperback bookstore in the United States
2Named after the Charlie Chaplin film
3Howl and Other Poems was published in November 1956

Full transcript

1

The Storefront

Pause here on Columbus Avenue and look up at the sign. City Lights opened in 1953, and the name was Lawrence Ferlinghetti's joke — a nod to Charlie Chaplin's film about a tramp who falls in love with a blind flower girl. But the store was never a joke. It was the first all-paperback bookstore in the United States, which mattered enormously in an era when paperbacks were still treated as the cheap format. Ferlinghetti and his partner Peter Martin wanted a place where a working person could actually afford literature. They also wanted a place where you could stand and read for an hour without ever buying a thing. The staff was instructed to leave browsers alone. That policy is still printed on cards around the store. Look at the window display of classic paperbacks.

2

The Founder

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3

The Basement

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4

The Poem

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5

The Seizure

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6

The Courtroom

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7

The Verdict

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8

The Second Building

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9

The Alley

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10

Vesuvio

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11

The Survival

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12

The Legacy

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Deep-dive audio

  1. 1The Storefront0:46Free preview
  2. 2The Founder0:53Unlock to listen
  3. 3The Basement0:47Unlock to listen
  4. 4The Poem0:53Unlock to listen
  5. 5The Seizure0:53Unlock to listen
  6. 6The Courtroom0:53Unlock to listen
  7. 7The Verdict0:53Unlock to listen
  8. 8The Second Building0:47Unlock to listen
  9. 9The Alley0:44Unlock to listen
  10. 10Vesuvio0:43Unlock to listen
  11. 11The Survival0:57Unlock to listen
  12. 12The Legacy0:46Unlock to listen
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Frequently asked

What was the Howl obscenity trial about?
Customs seized an imported printing of Ginsberg's poem in 1957 and San Francisco police then charged the publisher and a clerk with selling obscene material. Nine literary experts testified for the defense. The judge acquitted, holding that a work carrying any redeeming social importance is protected, a standard later used to clear other banned titles.
Is City Lights still independent?
Yes. It has never belonged to a chain, and it publishes as well as sells, running the Pocket Poets Series that began in 1955. The building at 261 Columbus Avenue became a San Francisco landmark in 2001, which protects the structure but not the business; a 2020 fundraiser kept the shop alive through the pandemic closure.
How is the store organized?
By subject and by staff judgment rather than by bestseller rank. Poetry fills the basement, the Beat collection has a room of its own in the second building, and handwritten shelf cards do the recommending. Chairs are provided, and browsing without buying has been encouraged since 1953 — that was the founders' original argument for opening at all.
What is in Jack Kerouac Alley?
A short pedestrian lane between Chinatown and North Beach, repaved in 2007 with poetry set into the ground in English and Chinese. Lines from Kerouac, Confucius, Li Po and Maya Angelou run along its length. It links the bookstore's back door to Vesuvio Cafe, putting the reading and the drinking halves of the block face to face.

This one is a deep dive

A 9-minute deep dive: 12 chapters with text and audio. Chapter one previews at no charge; the rest unlocks once.